Pengaruh kepadatan kandang dan pembatasan ransum terhadap performans produksi dan tingkat cekaman pada Ayam Broiler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30862/casssowary.cs.v2.i2.32
This Work is licensed under: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
This Work is licensed under: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Keywords:
Cage density, growth, feed conversion, broiler chicken.
Abstract
This study aims to determine the interaction between cage density with dietary restrictions on ration consumption, growth, feed conversion, carcass percentage, abdominal fat, heterophile-lymphocyte ratio and broiler chicken's Income Over Feed Cost. The research lasted for 2 months in the Cage of Broiler Chicken Farm SMK Negeri I Nabire. The research material used was 135 DOC unsex Cobb strain (CP 707) with an average weight of 42.5 grams / head; commercial feed starter BR1 CP 511 B and finisher BR2 CP 512 B and 27 units of battery cages. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design factorial pattern (3 x 3). Factor I is enclosure density with 3 levels, namely K1 (3 animals / 0.5 m2), K2 (5 animals / 0.5 m2) and K3 (7 animals / 0.5 m2) and Factor II is restriction on ration with 3 levels namely R1 (100% according to ad libitum requirements), R2 (85%) and R3 (70%) given at 4-5 weeks of age. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times to obtain 27 experimental unit units. The results showed there was no interaction between cage density factors with dietary limitation factors for all observational variables. But the cage density factor, significantly (P <0.05) shows that the denser the cage the lower the consumption of rations and the percentage of abdominal fat in broilers. Whereas the restriction factor of the ration, significantly (P <0.05) indicates that the higher the percentage of restriction ration the lower the ration consumed and the higher Income Over Feed Cost (the greater the business income of broiler chickens obtained) despite the indication of stress in broilers with a high average heterophyll-lymphocyte (H / L) ratio of 2.44.
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May, J. D and B. D. Lott. 2000. The Effect of Environmental temperature on growth and feed conversion of broiler to 21 days of age. Poult. Sci, 79: 669 – 671.
Olanrewaju, H. A., J. L. Purswell, S.D. Collier and S.L. Branton. 2010. Effect of ambient temperature and light intensity on growth performance and carcass characteristics of heavy broiler chickens at 56 days of age. Int. J. of Poult. Sci. 9(8): 720-725.
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Setiawan, I dan E. Sujana. 2009. Bobot akhir, persentase karkas dan lemak abdominal ayam broiler yang dipanen pada umur yang berbeda. seminar nasional fakultas peternakan unpad “Pengembangan Sistem Produksi dan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Lokal untuk Kemandirian Pangan Asal Ternak”. Bandung. ISBN : 978 – 602 – 95808 – 0 – 8.
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Sturkie, P. D. 1976. Avian Physiology Third Edition. Springer Verlag. New York.
Tillman. A.D, dkk. 1984. Ilmu Pakan Ternak Dasar Penerbit Gadjah Mada University Press Yogyakarta.
Uzer, F., N. Iriyanti dan Roesdiyanto. 2013. Penggunaan pakan fungsional dalam ransum ter-hadap konsumsi pakan dan pertambahan bobot badan ayam broiler. J. Ilmiah Peter-nakan. 1 (1): 282-288.
Widjakusuma, R., dan S.H.S Sikar, 1986. Fisiologi Hewan. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Press, Bogor
Yamin, M. 2008. Pemanfaatkan Ampas Kelapa dan Ampas Kelapa Fermen-tasi dalam Ransum terhadap Efesiensi Ransum dan Income Over Feed Cost Ayam Pedaging. J. Agro-land. 15 (2): 135 -139.
Yuniastuti, A., 2002. Efek Pakan Berserat pada Ransum Ayam terhadap Kadar Lemak dan Kolesterol Daging Broiler. JITV, 9 (3) : 175 - 183.
Zahra, T. 1996. Pengaruh Tinggak Penggunaan Protein dan Kepadatan Kandang Terhadap Performans Ayam Ras Petelur pada Fase Produksi. Skripsi Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Andalas. Padang.
Al-Batshan, H.A. 2002. Performance and Heat Tolerance of Broilers as Affected by Genotype and High Ambient Temperature. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15 (10) : 1502-1506.
Al-Sultan, S. I. 2003. The effect of Curcuma longa (tumeric) on overall Performance of Broiler Chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 2 (5): 351-353
Al-Taleb, S.S. 2003. Effect of an Early Feed Restriction Productive Performance and Carcass Quality. J. Biol. Sci. 3: 607-611.
Amanda, Y. 2007. Performa Ayam Wereng Betina Fase Pertumbuhan pada Tingkat Kepadatan yang Berbeda. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Anggorodi, R. 1994. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Umum, Penerbit PT.Gramedia. Jakarta.
Azis, A., H. Abbas, Y. Heryandi dan E. Kusnadi. 2011. Pertumbuhan Kompensasi dan Efisiensi Produksi Ayam Broiler yang Mendapat Pembatasan Waktu Makan. Media Peternakan, April 2011, hlm. 50-57. EISSN 2087 – 4634
Bell, D.D. 2002. Anatomy of The Chicken. In: Bell, D.D and W. D. Weaver Jr., Editor. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production. Fifth edition. USA: Springer Science Business Media, Inc.
Colville T, and J. M. Bassert. 2008. Clinical Anatomy & Physiology for Veterinary Technician. Missouri: Elsevier.
Cooper, M. A. and K. W. Washburn. 1998. The Relationship of Body Temperature to Weight Gain, Feed Consumption, and Feed Utilization in Broiler Under Heat Stress. Poultry Sci. 77 : 237-242.
Cunningham, J. G. 2002. Textbook of Veterinary Physiology. USA: Saunders Company.
Darmawati. 2005. Pemberian Pakan Terbatas secara Periodic pada Ayam Pedaging (Lenghorn). Jurnal Biogenesis Vol. 1(2): 43-46, 2005.
Dozier, W. A., R. J. Lien, J. B. Hess, S. F. Bilgili, R. W. Gordon, C. P. Laster and S. L. Vieira. 2002. Effects of early skip-aday feed removal on broiler live performance and carcass yield. J. Appl. Poultry. Res. 11: 297–303.
Emadi, M. and H. Kermanshahi. 2007. Effect of turmeric rhizome powder on the activity of some blood enzymes in the broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 6: 48- 51.
Essay, L. O and L.E. Dawson. 1965. Quality of fryers carcass as related to protein and fat level in the diet fat deposition and moisture pick up during chilling. Poult. Sci. 44 : 7-11.
Gaman, P.M. 1992. Ilmu Pangan Pengantar Ilmu Pangan Nutrisi dan Mikrobiologi. Edisi Kedua. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
Gaspersz, V. 1994. Teknik Analisis Dalam Penelitian Percobaan. Tarsito. Bandung.
Guyton dan Hall. 1997. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Irawati Stiawan, penerjemah. Jakarta: EGC. Terjemahan dari: Textbook of Medical Physiology.
Haroen, U. 2003. Respon Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Tepung Daun Sengon (Albizzia falcataria) dalam Ransum terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Karkas. J. Ilmiah Ilmu-ilmu Peternakan. 6 (1): 34-41.
Heckert, R.A., I. Estevez, E.R. Cohen dan R.P.Riley.2002. Effects of density and perch availability on the immune status of broilers. Poult. Sci. 81:451-457.
Ingram, D.R., L.F. Hatten, and B.N. Mc. Pherson, 2000. Effects of light restriction on broiler performance and specific body structure measurements. J. Poult. Sci. 9 : 501-504.
Iskandar, S., Setyaningrum, Y. Amanda, dan I. Rahayu. 2009. Pengaruh Kepadatan Kandang terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perilaku Ayam Wareng Tangerang. Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi. 14(1):19-24.
Jull, M.A. 1972. Poultry Husbandry. 3rd Ed, Tata McGraw-Hill Book Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi
Koswara.S.2009.PengolahanUnggashttp://www.indabook.org/preview/pengolahan-unggas-teknologi-pangan-unimus.html. Diakses tanggal 27 Januari 2016.
Kusnadi, E. 2008. Pengaruh temperatur kandang terhadap konsumsi ransum dan komponen darah broiler. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Agric, 33 (3) : 197-202.
Kusnadi, E. 2008. Perubahan malonaldehida hati, bobot relatif bursa fabricius dan rasio heterofil/limfosit (H/L) ayam Broiler yang diberi cekaman panas. Jurusan Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Andalas Padang, Padang
Matur, E., E. Ergul, I. Akyazi, E. Eraslan, and Z. T. Cirakli. 2010. The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract on the weight of some organs, liver, and pancreatic digestive enzyme activity in breeder hen fed diets contaminated with alfatoxins. Poult. Sci. 89:2213-2220.
May, J. D and B. D. Lott. 2000. The Effect of Environmental temperature on growth and feed conversion of broiler to 21 days of age. Poult. Sci, 79: 669 – 671.
Olanrewaju, H. A., J. L. Purswell, S.D. Collier and S.L. Branton. 2010. Effect of ambient temperature and light intensity on growth performance and carcass characteristics of heavy broiler chickens at 56 days of age. Int. J. of Poult. Sci. 9(8): 720-725.
Maynard,L.A., J.K.Loosli, H.F. Hinta and R.G. Warner,1979, Animal Nutrition, 7Ed.Tata -Mc. Graw Hill, Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
North, M. O. and D. D. Bell. 1990. Commercial Chicken Production Manual. 4th edn. Van Northland Reinhold, New York.
Rasyaf, M. 2007. Manajemen Peternakan Ayam. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta
Santoso, U. 2001. Pengaruh Pemberian Kultur Bacillus Subtilis Selama Periode Refeeding terhadap Performans dan Komposisi Kimia Karkas. Med. Vet. 7:17-19.
Setiawan, I dan E. Sujana. 2009. Bobot akhir, persentase karkas dan lemak abdominal ayam broiler yang dipanen pada umur yang berbeda. seminar nasional fakultas peternakan unpad “Pengembangan Sistem Produksi dan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Lokal untuk Kemandirian Pangan Asal Ternak”. Bandung. ISBN : 978 – 602 – 95808 – 0 – 8.
STEEL, R.G.D. and J.H. TORRIE. 1993. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistik Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, Terjemahan SUMANTRI, B. Cetakan ke-3, PT Gramedia, Jakarta.
Sturkie, P. D. 1976. Avian Physiology Third Edition. Springer Verlag. New York.
Tillman. A.D, dkk. 1984. Ilmu Pakan Ternak Dasar Penerbit Gadjah Mada University Press Yogyakarta.
Uzer, F., N. Iriyanti dan Roesdiyanto. 2013. Penggunaan pakan fungsional dalam ransum ter-hadap konsumsi pakan dan pertambahan bobot badan ayam broiler. J. Ilmiah Peter-nakan. 1 (1): 282-288.
Widjakusuma, R., dan S.H.S Sikar, 1986. Fisiologi Hewan. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Press, Bogor
Yamin, M. 2008. Pemanfaatkan Ampas Kelapa dan Ampas Kelapa Fermen-tasi dalam Ransum terhadap Efesiensi Ransum dan Income Over Feed Cost Ayam Pedaging. J. Agro-land. 15 (2): 135 -139.
Yuniastuti, A., 2002. Efek Pakan Berserat pada Ransum Ayam terhadap Kadar Lemak dan Kolesterol Daging Broiler. JITV, 9 (3) : 175 - 183.
Zahra, T. 1996. Pengaruh Tinggak Penggunaan Protein dan Kepadatan Kandang Terhadap Performans Ayam Ras Petelur pada Fase Produksi. Skripsi Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Andalas. Padang.
Published
2019-06-11
How to Cite
Robinson, P., Mu’in, M. A., & Warsono, I. U. (2019). Pengaruh kepadatan kandang dan pembatasan ransum terhadap performans produksi dan tingkat cekaman pada Ayam Broiler. Cassowary, 2(2), 193-208. https://doi.org/10.30862/casssowary.cs.v2.i2.32
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